Gambling is an activity in which people stake something of value (such as money) on an event that has a random outcome, determined at least in part by chance. Despite the common perception that gambling only occurs in casinos and racetracks, gambling takes place everywhere, including at gas stations, church halls, sporting events, and on the Internet. People gamble for a variety of reasons, from mood change to socializing with friends to achieving a big win.

Although the majority of individuals who participate in gambling do not experience any adverse consequences, a small group become too heavily involved in terms of time spent and money wagered and continue to gamble despite substantial negative personal, family, and financial effects. This group is defined as problem gamblers.

Research has shown that the development of a gambling problem is largely related to a lack of impulse control and to environmental factors, especially the presence of family members with gambling problems. People with a gambling disorder often exhibit the following characteristics:

Often gambles when feeling distressed (e.g., helpless, guilty, anxious, or depressed); Often returns to gamble another day in order to get even (“chasing” losses); Lies to family members, therapists, and others in order to conceal the extent of involvement with gambling; Has jeopardized or lost a significant relationship, job, or educational or career opportunity because of gambling; and Relies on others to provide money to relieve a desperate financial situation caused by gambling (American Psychiatric Association 2000).

Researchers have found that pathological gambling shares many of the same clinical features as substance abuse. It is therefore no surprise that both are considered disorders within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV).

There are a number of important differences between substance use and gambling disorder. For example, problem gambling is a progressive disorder, whereas substance use disorders usually recur in the same pattern and are less likely to respond to treatment.

The definition of a gambling disorder has been changing over the years, and there is still some disagreement about whether or not it should be classified as an addiction. However, there is strong evidence that people with gambling disorders exhibit a high degree of impulsiveness and show many of the same psychological signs as those with addictions to alcohol or drugs.

There are a number of ways that you can reduce your risk for developing a gambling disorder. These include setting boundaries in managing money; taking control of your finances; reviewing bank and credit card statements; and seeking professional help if you think that you have a problem. In addition, you can ask your doctor to talk about local referral resources for certified gambling counselors and intensive treatment programs in your area. It is also a good idea to try to avoid gambling activities that are illegal in your area. You can learn more about gambling laws in your state here.