Gambling is a common leisure activity that can have both positive and negative effects. The positive effects often include socialization and mental development, and the negative effects usually occur when it becomes an addiction. While most people enjoy gambling as a form of entertainment, a significant minority develops problem gambling that is severe enough to cause distress or impairment.

A growing number of studies are evaluating gambling behaviors in primary care settings to determine whether they are a risk factor for health problems, including depression and suicide. The relative importance of evaluating these behaviors is influenced by the legal status of gambling as an addictive behavior, and by the potential for underlying mood disorders to be exacerbated or made worse by compulsive gambling.

Although many people gamble responsibly, a small percentage of individuals become seriously involved in gambling and continue to do so despite serious personal, family, and financial consequences. The risk of developing problem gambling varies according to the type of gambling, with some forms (e.g., lottery and casino games) being more likely to lead to problems than others. Individual differences may also play a role, with some individuals being more genetically predisposed to thrill-seeking behavior and less able to control impulses or weigh risks.

It is important to know the signs of a gambling problem, and to seek help as soon as possible. If you have a gambling problem, there are many treatment options available to help you overcome it, such as group and individual therapy, marriage, career, and credit counseling. In extreme cases, a gambling problem can lead to suicidal thoughts and feelings, but suicide prevention services are available.