A casino, also known as a gambling house, is a facility that houses and accommodates certain types of gambling activities. Some casinos are stand-alone while others are combined with hotels, resorts, restaurants, retail shops or cruise ships. The word casino is derived from the Portuguese phrase cazino, meaning “little country house”. Gambling has been prevalent throughout history in almost all cultures and societies. The precise origin of gambling is unknown but it is generally believed that it evolved from games of chance. Modern casinos usually feature a variety of gaming tables, such as blackjack, poker, and roulette. They may also offer video slot machines and other electronic games. Many of these games have mathematically determined odds that give the house an advantage over players. This advantage is often expressed as a percentage of the total amount of money wagered, called the house edge. In games such as poker where players compete against each other, the house takes a commission on winning hands, a fee known as the rake.
Due to the large amounts of money handled within, casino security is a significant concern. Both patrons and staff can be tempted to cheat or steal, either in collusion or independently; thus, most casinos employ a number of security measures. These include a physical security force and specialized surveillance departments. Some casinos have catwalks built into the ceiling over the gaming floor, allowing surveillance personnel to look directly down on the activities of players at the tables and slot machines.